Class 10 science syllabus 2020-21

Class 10 is a crucial point for students in their education journey. Besides, the marks scored in the board exam, class 10 will also help students to choose the desired stream for their higher studies. So, it is important for every student to study effectively and score good marks in the CBSE Class 10 board exam.Class 10 science syllabus 2020-21

Chapter-wise CBSE Class 10 Science Notes

Class 10 science basically includes some important chapters from NCERT books like; Chemical reactions and equations, Electricity, Magnetic effects of electric current, Acids Bases and Salt, Control and Coordination, Reflection and Refraction of light, Carbon and its compounds, etc.

Chapter 1 – Chemical Reactions and Equations

Science is a subject that explains how the world around us is made of. Chemical reactions are used to explain the various processes that happen around us. From rust to decomposition, chemical reactions provide a more in-depth insight into how molecular interaction and changes occur.

Chapter 2 – Acids, Bases and Salts

Anything that occupies space and has mass is known as matter. Everything around us is a form of matter. The huge buildings, bridges, electrons revolving around a nucleus, the DNA in our cells, the surrounding air, the land beneath our feet, etc. all matter. A matter is said to be composed of particles which are basically atoms and molecules. Depending upon its physical state, the nature of matter falls into three categories:

• Solids
• Liquids
• Gases

Chapter 3 – Metals and Non-metals

Alloys are homogeneous mixtures of metal with other metals or nonmetals. Alloy formation enhances the desirable properties of the material, such as hardness, tensile strength and resistance to corrosion.

Examples of a few alloys –

• Brass: copper and zinc
• Bronze: copper and tin
• Solder: lead and tin
• Amalgam: mercury and other metal

Chapter 4 – Carbon and Its Compounds

When soap is added to water, the soap molecules uniquely orient themselves to form spherical shape micelles.

Chapter 5 – Periodic Classification of Elements

Dobereiner arranged a group of three elements with similar properties in the order of increasing atomic masses and called it a triad. He showed that the atomic mass of the middle element is approximately the arithmetic mean of the other two. But, Dobereiner could identify only following three triads from the elements known at that time.

Chapter 6 – Life Processes

• Maintenance of living organisms is essential even if they are moving, resting or even sleeping.
• The processes which together perform the function of maintenance of ‘life’ are called life processes.
• Nutrition, respiration, circulation, excretion are examples of essential life processes.
• In unicellular organisms, all these processes are carried out by that single cell.
• In multicellular organisms, well-developed systems are present to carry out the processes.

Chapter 7 – Control and Coordination

• Organisms move in response to various kinds of stimuli like light, heat, nutrients/food, etc.
• All the activities in animals are controlled and coordinated by the nervous and endocrine system.
• Hormones are chemical messengers, which assist the nervous system in carrying out various functions. They are secreted by endocrine glands.
• Hormones in plants coordinate the movements.

Chapter 8 – How do Organisms Reproduce?

Reproduction means to reproduce. It is a biological process by which an organism reproduces an offspring who is biologically similar to the organism. Reproduction enables and ensures the continuity of species, generation after generation. It is the main feature of life on earth.

Chapter 9 – Heredity and Evolution

The process by which the features of an organism are passed on from one generation to another is called heredity.

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Evolution is a tangible change in the heritable characteristics of a population over several generations. These changes can give rise to a new species or the species might change themselves to become better adapted to the surrounding environment.

Chapter 10 – Light Reflection and Refraction

Light is a form of energy that enables us to see things. Light starts from a source and bounces off objects which are perceived by our eyes and our brain processes this signal, which eventually enables us to see.

Chapter 11 – Human Eye and Colourful World

The human eye is the most valuable and sensitive sense organ which helps us to see the beauty and the colorful world around us. It is similar to a camera. We all have been gifted with two eyes which gives a wider field of view.

Chapter 12 – Electricity

• An atom has a positively charged nucleus and negatively charged electrons revolving around it.
• Valence electrons in metals are free to move within the conductor and constitute an electric current.

Chapter 13 – Magnetic Effects of Electric Current

A magnet is a material that produces a field that attracts or repels other such materials of magnetic nature.

Lodestone is a naturally occurring magnet. It attracts materials like Iron, Nickel, Cobalt, etc.

Chapter 14 – Sources of Energy

• Energy is the ability to do work or the total power derived from our natural resources. The energy exists in many forms and can be converted from one form of energy into another. Energy in usable form is dissipated to the surroundings as less usable form.
• Energy is mainly derived from natural sources like the sun, oceans, fossil fuels, wind etc and is converted into electrical energy that we consume for our daily needs and benefits.

Chapter 15 – Our Environment

Abiotic components

Non living chemical and physical components of the environment like the soil, air, water, temperature, etc.

Biotic components

Living organisms of the environment like the plants, animals, microbes and fungi.

Ecosystem

• Includes both biotic and abiotic components.
• In a given area, all the living things such as plants, animals and organisms interact with each other, and also with their non-living environments, i.e., weather, earth, sun, soil, climate, atmosphere.

Chapter 16 – Sustainable Management of Natural Resources

Following are the reasons why the management of natural resources is important:

1. To maintain a balance in the ecosystem.
2. To avoid further destruction of the environment.
3. To avoid over-consumption of the natural resources.

CBSE Notes for Class 10 Science Free Download for All Chapters

Download PDF of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science

CBSE Class 10 Syllabus and deleted portion for 2020-2021

Check subject-wise details of the deducted portion of CBSE Class 9 syllabus from the following links:

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